VISIT OUR NETWORK:

Space Foundation
Space Symposium
Discovery Center
The Space Report
Donate

Space Foundation
Space Symposium
Discovery Center
The Space Report
Donate

The Space Report Online

Browse Topics
Browse Data
Products
- Quarterly Reports
- Subscriptions
About
Contact
Login

Topics

Snapshot (546)
Space Products and Services (462)
- Science, Biotechnology, and Health Care (78)
- Transportation, Logistics, and Manufacturing (75)
- Energy, Resources, and Environmental Management (73)
- Governance, Education, and Infrastructure (73)
- Travel, Lifestyle, and Entertainment (64)
- Homeland Security, Defense, and Intelligence (55)
- Retail, Finance, and Corporate Services (42)
- Featured Stories (24)
- Annual Overviews (16)
- Space Technology Hall of Fame and Space Certification (15)
- Interactions Between Space and Non-Space (11)
Economy (428)
- Commercial Infrastructure and Support Industries (100)
  - Satellite Manufacturing (20)
  - Launch Industry (18)
  - Annual Infrastructure and Industries Overviews (18)
  - Ground Stations and Receivers (17)
  - Commercial Human Spaceflight (16)
  - Space Stations (15)
  - Space Insurance (14)
- Annual Economy Overviews (19)
- Government Space Budgets (244)
  - Annual Government Space Budgets Global Overview (20)
  - Chinese Government Space Budget (18)
  - Indian Government Space Budget (18)
  - Japanese Government Space Budget (18)
  - Brazilian Government Space Budget (17)
  - Canadian Government Space Budget (17)
  - Russian Government Space Budget (16)
  - South Korean Government Space Budget (16)
  - Israeli Government Space Budget (15)
  - Additional Country Space Budgets (14)
  - United States Government Space Budget (51)
    - U.S. Civil Space Budgets (17)
    - U.S. National Security Space Budgets (17)
    - Annual U.S. Space Budget Overviews (15)
    - U.S. Research and Development Funding (6)
  - European Cooperative Organization and Government Space Budgets (91)
    - German Government Space Budget (17)
    - European Space Agency Budget (16)
    - Italian Government Space Budget (16)
    - United Kingdom Government Space Budget (16)
    - French Government Space Budget (15)
    - Spanish Government Space Budget (15)
    - European Commission Space Budget (14)
    - EUMETSAT Space Budget (13)
    - Annual European Cooperative Organization and Government Space Budgets Overviews (9)
    - European Military Space Budgets (7)
- Commercial Space Products and Services (87)
  - Earth Observation (19)
  - Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Services (18)
  - Satellite Communications (17)
  - Annual Products and Services Overviews (17)
  - Broadcasting (30)
    - Satellite Television (14)
    - Satellite Radio (11)
- Venture Capital and Investment (3)
- New Nations (2)
Infrastructure (601)
- Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Satellites (94)
  - US PNT Satellites (GPS) (15)
  - European PNT Satellites (Galileo) (15)
  - Japanese PNT Satellites (QZSS) (14)
  - Russian PNT Satellites (GLONASS) (14)
  - Chinese PNT Satellites (BeiDou) (13)
  - Indian PNT Satellites (NavIC) (13)
  - PNT Ground Networks (9)
  - PNT Satellite Numbers Through the Years (8)
- Satellites (42)
  - Orbits (10)
  - Ground Networks (9)
  - Satellite Design (7)
- Earth Observation/Remote Sensing Satellites (55)
  - Satellite Design (36)
  - Ground Networks (8)
- Communications Satellites (56)
  - Satellite Design (24)
    - Fixed Satellite Service Satellite Design (9)
    - Mobile Satellite Service Satellite Design (8)
  - Ground Networks (7)
  - Orbits (19)
    - Fixed Satellite Service Orbits (9)
    - Mobile Satellite Service Orbits (9)
- Launch (237)
  - Payload Launch (122)
    - Suborbital Payload Launch (20)
      - Sounding Rockets (6)
      - Missiles (4)
    - Orbital Payload Launch (98)
      - Orbital Launch Reports and Forecasts (17)
      - U.S. Payload Launches (12)
      - Chinese Payload Launches (12)
      - European Payload Launches (12)
      - Japanese Payload Launches (12)
      - Russian Payload Launches (11)
      - Indian Payload Launches (11)
      - Other Payload Launches (8)
  - Launch Support (56)
    - Spaceports (54)
      - U.S. Spaceports (12)
      - Russian Spaceports (11)
      - Chinese Spaceports (8)
      - European Spaceports (5)
      - Indian Spaceports (5)
      - Other Country Spaceports (5)
      - Japanese Spaceports (4)
  - Human Space Launch (63)
    - Suborbital (20)
      - U.S. Human Suborbital Launch (10)
      - Human Suborbital Launches from Other Countries (3)
    - Orbital Human Space Launch (44)
      - U.S. Human Space Launch (14)
      - Russian Human Space Launch (13)
      - Chinese Human Space Launch (10)
      - Human Space Launch From Other Countries (6)
      - Annual Orbital Human Space Launch Overviews (5)
  - Current Launch Activity Lists (9)
- Space Situational Awareness Satellites (41)
  - Ground Components (19)
  - Orbits (19)
    - Space Situational Awareness Activities of Other Countries (11)
    - U.S. Space Situational Awareness Activities (9)
- Planetary Science (24)
  - Landers/Rovers (8)
  - Probes (7)
- Annual Infrastructure Overviews (9)
- Human Activities in Space (49)
  - Space Stations (44)
    - ISS (18)
    - Bigelow (13)
    - China (12)
    - Space Station Deployments Log (3)
  - Human Settlements (5)
- Technology Development (18)
  - Satellite Design (12)
    - Other types of tech development (7)
    - On-Orbit Servicing (4)
  - Orbits (2)
- Solar Science (10)
  - Orbital Systems (4)
  - Ground Facilities (3)
- Astrophysics (5)
- Missile Detection Satellites (19)
  - U.S. Missile Detection and Defense (12)
  - Other Countries with Missile Detection and Defense (4)
Workforce (154)
- U.S. Space Workforce (99)
  - U.S. Space Industry Employment (39)
  - NASA Civil Servant Workforce (20)
    - NASA Demographics (9)
    - Geographical Distribution (8)
  - U.S. National Security Workforce (17)
    - U.S Army Space Workforce (8)
  - Official U.S. Workforce Statistics (17)
    - Space Salaries (9)
- Other Space Employment (20)
- European Space Workforce (27)
  - European Space Industry Employment (14)
  - European Space Agency Employment (10)
- Japanese Space Workforce (28)
  - Japanese Space Industry Employment (16)
  - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Employment (12)
Education (44)
- Top-level trends (8)
- Post-secondary STEM Education (17)
  - U.S. Trends (13)
    - U.S. Demographics (9)
- Primary and Secondary STEM Education (18)
  - Global Trends (9)
    - PISA (4)
    - TIMSS (3)
  - U.S. Trends (8)
    - NAEP (6)
Perspective (34)
- 2008 – Perspective (7)
- 2009 – Perspective (5)
- 2012 – Perspective (5)
- 2010 – Perspective (4)
- 2011 – Perspective (4)
- 2013 – Perspective (4)
- 2018 – Perspective (2)
- 2007 – Perspective (1)
Appendix (57)
- Charts and Graphs (46)
- Launch Log and Associated Payloads (17)
- Methodology (8)
- Download The Space Report (1)
Insights (4)
Japanese Orbital Launch Service Providers (3)
- Orbital launch service provider: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (1)
Space Policy (3)

Resources

Home Resources Infrastructure Planetary Science

2012 – Ground Observatories, Astronomy

This article is for members. Please sign up for a membership or login below.

Username

Password

Remember Me

Forgot Password

Space Foundation

© Space Foundation · 4425 Arrowswest Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA

HQ: +1.719.576.8000 · +1.800.691.4000

Privacy · Terms
Stay Connected: